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George
Boole (1815-1864) was a
college professor who
never graduated from college. He was born into an English
family so poor that they could only afford a few years of
schooling for their son. But
George made good use of
those years. One of his teachers, Mr. DeKalb, was a well-
meaning man who sometime learned more from the students than
they learned from him. In an effort to teach the idea of
proof Mr. DeKalb asked the class to consider the faces of
a polyhedron: "If a polyhedron can rest on a face then we
call that face stable. But if, by the force of gravity,
the polyhedron rolls over onto another face, then the
first face is unstable. Now I ask you to consider the
possibility of a polyhedron with all unstable faces. Can
such a polyhedron exist?"
The next day
Boole returned with the
answer that such
a polyhedron could not exist.
"And what is your proof?" asked Mr. DeKalb.
"I have asked my father and he has asked his
friends,
many of whom are very intelligent. And they all agree
that such a solid is impossible."
"Not a proof!" shouted Mr. DeKalb. "You have
based
your conclusion on a vote, on an opinion poll. Neither
science nor mathematics proceeds in this way."
"But my father is very clever, and his friends
are
like him. They spend nearly every Sunday afternoon
discussing things of the mind. And they all agreed that
such a thing is impossible, inconceivable to them. I
accept their conclusion."
"Not a proof. That is not the way science and
mathematics work."
"Well then, what is the proof?" asked
Boole.
"The reason that the polyhedron can't exist is
that
if all faces were unstable, the object would be a
perpetual
motion machine. And
perpetual
motion machines
don't exist."
"But how do you know that?" asked
Boole.
"By the law of conservation of energy. You can't
get
more energy out of a system than you put into it."
"Well, what is your proof of this law?" queried
Boole.
"It has no proof. Its an axiom. And that is how
science
and mathematics are done. All proofs are based on a few
accepted facts."
"But why would anybody accept the law of
conservation
of energy?"
Boole asked.
" Please Mr Boole, the experts tell us these things."
The End